{"id":2154,"date":"2020-05-26T11:15:35","date_gmt":"2020-05-26T10:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oocr.bigway.dev\/kam-ist-na-vylet\/mesto-presov\/"},"modified":"2020-05-26T11:15:35","modified_gmt":"2020-05-26T10:15:35","slug":"mesto-presov","status":"publish","type":"kam-ist-na-vylet","link":"https:\/\/oocr.bigway.dev\/en\/kam-ist-na-vylet\/mesto-presov\/","title":{"rendered":"City of Pre\u0161ov"},"content":{"rendered":"Jedno z najstar\u0161\u00edch slobodn\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch miest na Slovensku, mesto z\u00e1padnej a v\u00fdchodnej kult\u00fary, mesto soli, metropola regi\u00f3nu \u0160ari\u0161, tretie najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mesto na Slovensku to je Eperjes, Eperies, Presachaum, Prja\u0161iv, Preszow, Fragopolis, \u010di Eperiessinum<\/em>, jednoducho Pre\u0161ov.<\/strong>\n
\n\nMesto Pre\u0161ov le\u017e\u00ed na s\u00fatoku riek Torysa a Sek\u010dov v severnej \u010dasti Ko\u0161ickej kotliny, do ktorej zo z\u00e1padu \u00a0zasahuje \u0160ari\u0161sk\u00e1 vrchovina. Z juhoz\u00e1padu mesto obklopuj\u00fa Slansk\u00e9 vrchy. Nach\u00e1dza sa presne na 49-tej rovnobe\u017eke, \u010do ho pomyselne sp\u00e1ja napr\u00edklad s \u010cesk\u00fdmi \u00a0Bud\u011bjovicami, nemeck\u00fdm Regensburgom, franc\u00fazskou metropolou Par\u00ed\u017eom, kanadsk\u00fdm ostrovom Newfoundland \u010di ukrajinsk\u00fdmi mestami Severodoneck, Rubi\u017ene, \u010di Kalu\u0161.\n

Pre\u0161ov a jeho hist\u00f3ria<\/h2>\nOfici\u00e1lna hist\u00f3ria mesta Pre\u0161ov sa za\u010dala p\u00edsa\u0165 v roku 1247, kedy sa prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t spom\u00edna v listine kr\u00e1\u013ea Bela IV. V 13. storo\u010d\u00ed bolo \u00fazemie v\u00fdrazne zasiahnut\u00e9 nemeck\u00fdm os\u00edd\u013eovan\u00edm a spolu s jeho v\u00fdhodnou polohou na kri\u017eovatke v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch obchodn\u00fdch ciest ur\u00fdchlilo jeho premenu z vidieckeho s\u00eddla na mesto. Do tohto predmestsk\u00e9ho obdobia siaha p\u00f4vod jednej z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch historick\u00fdch domin\u00e1nt Pre\u0161ova Konkatedr\u00e1ly sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161a<\/strong>, kedy st\u00e1l na tomto mieste kostol nemeckej osady. Po udelen\u00ed mestsk\u00fdch v\u00fdsad v roku 1374 sa z Pre\u0161ova st\u00e1va slobodn\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 mesto. V\u00fdznamn\u00fd hospod\u00e1rsky rozkvet zaznamenalo v 14. a 15. storo\u010d\u00ed, \u010do sa odzrkadlilo aj na honosnej architekt\u00fare me\u0161tianskych domov, ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1stavba sa v centre mesta zachovala dodnes. Budova jedn\u00e9ho z nich bola za\u010diatkom 16. storo\u010dia prebudovan\u00e1 na mestsk\u00fa vin\u00e1re\u0148 a v 17. storo\u010d\u00ed sa do budovy pres\u0165ahovala mestsk\u00e1 radnica.\u00a0<\/strong>Zakon\u010duje ju jedna z najstar\u0161\u00edch pamiatok v meste \u2013 gotick\u00e1 Caraffa Prison<\/strong> s typick\u00fdm historick\u00fdm vzh\u013eadom, ktor\u00e1 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sl\u00fa\u017ei ako gal\u00e9ria. Vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 vzdelania z tohto obdobia dosved\u010duje hist\u00f3ria starej mestskej \u0161koly<\/strong>. Jej v\u00fdvoj mo\u017eno z arch\u00edvnych prame\u0148ov sledova\u0165 od za\u010diatku 15. storo\u010dia.\n\nV 14. storo\u010d\u00ed sa mesto vybudovan\u00edm hradieb zmenilo na pevnos\u0165. P\u00f4vodnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou mestsk\u00e9ho opevnenia\u00a0<\/strong>bola aj nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 starobyl\u00e1 pre\u0161ovsk\u00e1 stavba zn\u00e1ma ako Kum\u0161t<\/strong>. Po prebudovan\u00ed na vodn\u00fa ve\u017eu z\u00e1sobovala vodou kamenn\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee na Hlavnej ulici a\u017e do v\u00fdstavby mestsk\u00e9ho vodovodu za\u010diatkom 20. storo\u010dia. Patr\u00ed medzi unik\u00e1tne technick\u00e9 a historick\u00e9 pamiatky v r\u00e1mci strednej Eur\u00f3py.\n\nReform\u00e1cia zasiahla aj mesto Pre\u0161ov a ovplyvnila jeho \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v oblasti vzdel\u00e1vania. Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ou pamiatkou na protestantsk\u00e9 \u0161kolstvo na Slovensku je Evanjelick\u00e9 kol\u00e9gium<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 v prvej polovici 19. storo\u010dia vyr\u00e1stlo na jednu z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u0161k\u00f4l v celom Uhorsku. Jej najkraj\u0161ia miestnos\u0165 je univerzitn\u00e1 kolegi\u00e1lna kni\u017enica, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje viac ako 40-tis\u00edc diel. V obdob\u00ed reform\u00e1cie bol v Pre\u0161ove postaven\u00fd aj jeden z m\u00e1la protestantsk\u00fdch kostolov \u2013 renesan\u010dn\u00fd chr\u00e1m Sv. Trojice<\/strong> s barokov\u00fdm organom z roku 1642.\n\nHist\u00f3ria Pre\u0161ova bola po\u010das 17. a 18. storo\u010dia okrem in\u00e9ho pozna\u010den\u00e1 stavovsk\u00fdmi povstaniami a morovou epid\u00e9miou. Smutnou udalos\u0165ou boli Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e9 jatky, po\u010das ktor\u00fdch gener\u00e1l Caraffa ods\u00fadil dvadsa\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch me\u0161\u0165anov, ktor\u00fdch v roku 1687 postupne mu\u010dili a popravili. Na ich pamiatku bol postaven\u00fd na n\u00e1ro\u017e\u00ed evanjelick\u00e9ho kol\u00e9gia pomn\u00edk s pam\u00e4tnou tabu\u013eou s menami popraven\u00fdch. Morov\u00fa epid\u00e9miu z prelomu 17. a 18. storo\u010dia pripom\u00edna barokov\u00e9 s\u00faso\u0161ie Immaculata<\/strong> postaven\u00e9 na pamiatku obet\u00ed v roku 1751.\n\nPo t\u00fdchto udalostiach sa mesto dostalo sp\u00e4\u0165 do star\u00fdch ko\u013eaj\u00ed a za\u010dalo sa hospod\u00e1rsky vzm\u00e1ha\u0165 a prosperova\u0165 aj v\u010faka \u0165a\u017ebe soli v obci Solivar<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 je dnes miestnou \u010das\u0165ou Pre\u0161ova. Unik\u00e1tny komplex technick\u00fdch objektov na \u010derpanie a varenie soli zo so\u013eanky poch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci zo 17. storo\u010dia patr\u00ed medzi najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie technick\u00e9 pamiatky na Slovensku. Charakter mesta v\u00fdrazne formovali jeho obyvatelia rozli\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed a konfesi\u00ed. Sved\u010dia o tom rozmanit\u00e9 kult\u00farne aj sakr\u00e1lne pamiatky na \u00fazem\u00ed mesta. Majest\u00e1tny franti\u0161k\u00e1nsky Kostol sv. Jozefa<\/strong> spojen\u00fd na severnej strane s kl\u00e1\u0161torom postavila okolo roku 1380 na mieste p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho kostola reho\u013ea karmelit\u00e1nov. Gr\u00e9ckokatol\u00edcky\u00a0Katedr\u00e1lny chr\u00e1m sv. J\u00e1na Krstite\u013ea<\/strong> za\u010dali stava\u0165 v roku 1429 na mieste p\u00f4vodnej kaplnky pri mestskej nemocnici.\u00a0 V Pre\u0161ove bol v roku 1950 postaven\u00fd aj pravosl\u00e1vny chr\u00e1m sv. Alexandra Nevsk\u00e9ho<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd je vybudovan\u00fd v duchu trad\u00edci\u00ed pravosl\u00e1vnej ruskej architekt\u00fary s piatimi cibu\u013eovit\u00fdmi kupolami. V meste sa zachovala tie\u017e n\u00e1dhern\u00e1 ortodoxn\u00e1 synag\u00f3ga<\/strong> postaven\u00e1 v roku 1898 v maurskom \u0161t\u00fdle s viacer\u00fdmi orientalizuj\u00facimi prvkami. Milovn\u00edkov umenia pritiahnu aj rozmanit\u00e9 architektonick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fdly historick\u00fdch budov, medzi ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed v\u00fdstavn\u00e1 secesn\u00e1 budova Bos\u00e1kovej banky<\/strong> z roku 1924 postaven\u00e1 na rohu Hlavnej a Levo\u010dskej ulice, rokokovo-klasicistick\u00e1 budova \u017eupn\u00e9ho domu<\/strong> alebo skvost mestskej renesan\u010dnej architekt\u00fary R\u00e1kociho pal\u00e1c<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd dal na konci 16. storo\u010dia postavi\u0165 sedmohradsk\u00e9 knie\u017ea \u017digmund R\u00e1koci.\n\nPre\u0161ov, metropola regi\u00f3nu \u0160ari\u0161, tretie najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mesto na Slovensku. Je jedin\u00fdm miestom na Slovensku, cez ktor\u00e9 prech\u00e1dza 49. rovnobe\u017eka.<\/strong>\n\nO\u00a0Pre\u0161ove sa m\u00f4\u017eete do\u010d\u00edta\u0165 aj na str\u00e1nke www.presov.sk<\/a>. Nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eete aj tieto mest\u00e1 \u2013 Pre\u0161ov<\/a>, Bardejov<\/a>, Sabinov<\/a>, Lipany<\/a>, Svidn\u00edk<\/a>, Hanu\u0161ovce nad Top\u013eou<\/a>\n

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